International Conference on Plant Tissue Culture and Plant Biotechnology December 02-03, 2019 Madrid, Spain

Plant biochemistry is the study of the biochemistry of autotrophic organisms such as photosynthesis and other plant specific biochemical processes. The plants and higher fungi produce through their metabolism a vast variety of chemical substances. These are important for the plant itself, but also for the environment and for the recovery and use by humans. The Plant Biochemistry deals with biochemical processes of plant metabolism. The entirety of the vital processes of plants is also known as plant physiology.

Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in Plants. Plant genetics deals with heredity in plants, specifically mechanisms of hereditary transmission and variation of inherited characteristics. Plant genetics is similar in many ways to animal genetics but differs in a few key areas. Plant Genomics is the part of molecular biology working with the structure, function, evolution, and mapping of genomes in plants. Genomics is the study of genes, their expression and their activities, the role played in biology.

The complex of physical and chemical processes necessary to synthesize and transform substances into energy that is made available for use by a plant organism, plant metabolism is driven by the autotrophic nature of plants, meaning that they must acquire carbon and other minerals to meet their requirements for growth and development. Plant metabolism exhibits a flexibility that is not seen in other higher organisms. This reflects the sessile nature of plants and their inability to escape specific environmental conditions, stresses, or predation. For cell maintenance and growth, the plant requires a range of organic compounds, including nucleic acids, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and natural products. Although some of these compounds are generated by metabolic pathways that are common to a breadth of organisms, much of plant metabolism is unique.

The field of nanotechnology has countless potential within plant sciences and plant production systems. The agronomic application of nanotechnology in plants (phytonanotechnology) has the potential to alter conventional plant production systems, allowing for the controlled release of agrochemicals (e.g., fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides) and target-specific distribution of biomolecules (e.g., nucleotides, proteins, and activators). An improved understanding of the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and plant responses, including their uptake, localization, and activity, could revolutionize crop production through increased disease resistance, nutrient utilization, and crop yield.

As a living thing, all of a plant's parts are made up of cells. Although plant cells have a flexible membrane like animal cells, a plant cell also has a strong wall made of cellulose that gives it a rigid shape. Unlike animal cells, plant cells also have chloroplasts that capture the Sun's light energy and convert it into food for itself. Like any complex living thing, a plant organizes a group of specialized cells into what are called tissues that perform a specific function. For example, plants therefore have epidermal tissue that forms a protective layer on its surface. They also have parenchyma tissue usually used to store energy.

Most plant viruses are rod-shaped, with protein discs forming a tube surrounding the viral genome; isometric particles are another common structure. They rarely have an envelope. The great majority have an RNA genome, which is usually small and single stranded (ss), but some viruses have double-stranded (ds) RNA, ssDNA or dsDNA genomes. Although plant viruses are not as well understood as their animal counterparts, one plant virus has become iconic.

Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms. Common plastics, such as fossil-fuel plastics (also called petrobased polymers) are derived from petroleum or natural gas.

Plant molecular biology is the study of the molecular basis of plant life. It is particularly concerned with the processes by which the information encoded in the genome is manifested as structures, processes and behaviours. Plant molecular biology is a highly specialized science for exploring plant cells and even altering them to increase the usefulness of plants in everyday life.

It is the study of plants and pathogens at the genetic, biochemical, physiological, cellular population and community levels are integrated and put in to agricultural practice. Prerequisite to effective research, teaching and extension is a breadth of interdisciplinary interest and knowledge.  The proximity of basic sciences and the other applied agriculture sciences are strong.

Plant breeding is a method of altering the genetic pattern of plants to increase their value and utility for human welfare. It is a purposeful manipulation of plants to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yield and are disease resistant. Plant breeding is the production of plants by selective mating or hybridization. It is the traditional mechanism for producing new varieties of plants for horticulture and agriculture.

Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils.

Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and land reclamation. Agronomy has come to encompass work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. It is the application of a combination of sciences like biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics

Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying, or mitigating any pest. They are a class of biocide. The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, plant diseases or insects. This use of pesticides is so common that the term pesticide is often treated as synonymous with plant protection product, although it is, in fact, a broader term, as pesticides are also used for non-agricultural purposes.

Horticulture, the branch of plant agriculture dealing with garden crops, generally fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants, the word is derived from the Latin hortus, “garden,” and colere, “to cultivate.” As a general term, it covers all forms of garden management, but in ordinary use it refers to intensive commercial production. In terms of scale, horticulture falls between domestic gardening and field agriculture; though all forms of cultivation naturally have close links.

Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant chemicals that have protective or disease preventive properties. They are non-essential nutrients, meaning that they are not required by the human body for sustaining life. It is well-known that plant produces these chemicals to protect themselves but recent research demonstrate that they can also protect humans against diseases. There are more than thousand known phytochemicals