Global Meet on Plant Genomics and Biotechnology October 14-15, 2020 Manila, Philippines

Agricultural Science is a broad multidisciplinary field of sciences that consists of the parts of precise, natural, and social sciences that are utilized in the practice and understanding of agriculture. Agronomy is research and development related to studying and improving plant-based crops.

Plant Proteomics is concerned with the entire complement of proteins of plants including the modifications made to a particular set of proteins. Proteomics is an in-depth study of a specific proteome, including information on protein and its modifications and variations. Proteomics works with the interacting partners and members associated with it in a sequential network.

Plant Genetics is a wide spectrum term. There are multiple types of genetics in general. The concept of genetics is the branch of biology that deals with heredity, especially the mechanisms of hereditary transmission and the variation of inherited characteristics among similar or related organisms. Plant genetics deals with the associated activities of the plant that effect the day to day life processes of the plant.

A fertilizer is a material of natural or artificial origin which is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients for the growth of plants. Different sources of fertilizer exist in nature. They are natural and industrially produced. In the latter half of the 20th century, increased use of nitrogen fertilizers has been a crucial component of the increased productivity of conventional food systems (more than 30% per capital). According to the Special Report on Climate Change and Land, these practices are key drivers of global warming. Growing crops has been the occupation of farmers for thousands of years. Romans, Babylonians, and early Germans all used minerals   to enhance the productivity of their farms the modern science of plant nutrition started in the 19th century and the work of German chemist Just us Avon Lie big, among others. Fertilizers typically provide, in varying proportions:Three main macro nutrients: Nitrogen helps in leaf growth. Phosphorus helps in Development of roots, flowers, seeds, fruit. Potassium helps in Strong stem growth, movement of water in plants, promotion of flowering and fruiting. Three secondary macro-nutrients: calcium, magnesium, and sulphur; micro-nutrients: copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, boron

Biotechnology is technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms or parts of this to develop or create different products. Brewing and baking bread are examples of processes that fall within the concept of biotechnology (use of yeast (= living organism) to produce the desired product)the more modern form of biotechnology will generally involve a more advanced modification of the biological system or organism. With the development of genetic engineering in the 1970s, research in biotechnology (and other related areas such as medicine, biology etc.) developed rapidly because of the new possibility to make changes in the organisms' genetic material (DNA).Today, biotechnology covers many different disciplines (e.g. genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, etc.). New technologies and products are developed every year within the areas of e.g. medicine (development of new medicines and therapies), agriculture (development of genetically modified plants, biofuels, biological treatment) or industrial biotechnology (production of chemicals, paper, textiles and food).

Fundamental processes consist of photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms,  movements, phototropism, parthenogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy and stomata function and transpiration, both parts of plant water relations, are studied by plant physiology 

 The complex and different responses of plants to nanoparticles, the signal transduction mechanisms involved, and the regulation of DNA expression. Further, it shows the photosynthesis of nanoparticles, the role of nanoparticles in the antioxidant systems of botany and agriculture, the beneficial and harmful effects of nanoparticles on plants, and the application of nanoparticles and nanotubes to MS, aiming ultimately at an analysis of the metabolomics of plants. The increasing role of inventions in the field of nanotechnology is producing novel applications in the fields of biotechnology and agriculture. Nanoparticles have received much response because of the unique physic-chemical properties of these compounds. In the plant biology, nanoparticles are used as “smart” delivery systems, prompting the Nobel Prize winner P. Ehrlich support to get these components as “magic bullets.” Nanotechnology also play an important role in agriculture as compound fertilizers and minute-pesticides, acting as chemical delivery agents that target molecules to specific cellular organelles in plants.

Plant morphology is all about with both the vegetative structures of plants, as well as the reproductive structures. It includes plant development, floral structure, pollination and fertilization. Plant morphology provides an overview of the science of deals with the external form of plants. Plant metabolism includes the complex of physical and chemical events of photosynthesis, respiration, and the process of natural compounds. Plant respiration is biochemical process in plants whereby specific substrates are oxidation with a subsequent release of carbon dioxide, CO2.

 Bioinformatics is a term which is tightly linked to the International Collaboration in genome sequencing projects and to the efforts of the pharmaceuticals industry in its drive for drug discovery and development etc. Bioinformatics allow us to come to the terms with the vast amount of data being generated by the genome sequencing projects. Powerful tools are needed to organize the data and to extend our ability to analyse these complex biological complex systems. Bioinformatics cover many topics including data bases on regulatory sequences; the regulation of gene expression; analyse and recognition of genome sequences; gene structure; gene prediction; modelling of transcriptional and translational control; large scale genomics on crop improvement.

 Metabolic engineering defined as ‘‘the improvement of cellular activities by manipulation of enzymatic, transport, and regulatory functions of the cell with the use of recombinant DNA technologies.’’ Today, the availability of the complete genome sequence for several plants, together with the development of powerful techniques for the transformation and stable or transient expression of genes in plants brings plant metabolic engineering as a strong alternative to classical chemical  production of pharmaceuticals and other important industrial compounds. Plant metabolic engineering involves the manipulation of existing metabolic pathways by either increasing or diverting flux to desire or from undesired products, respectively, or the generation of chemical entities not normally found in the plant production system through the introduction of genes from other organisms. Essential elements in the toolbox of the metabolic engineer are mechanisms to eliminate or overexpress gene activity.

 Plant nutrition and soil science is the study of the functions and dynamics of nutrients in plants, soils and ecosystems as well as of plant production processes with the aim to improve the growth of plants to increase the quality of harvest products, to improve soil fertility, to promote the recycling of   nutrients, to reduce the cost of resources, to minimize fertilization - related environmental impacts. Plants can get supplements from the manures, dirt, or through individual supplement application. For instance, to expand plant blooming and fruiting, one can utilize PK Boosters to give plants more phosphorus and potassium; the two of which are fundamental to organic fruit / flower development and improvement. Soil is natural resource, soil science is the study of soil and soil classification and productiveness of the soil, its classification mainly based on soil morphology soils are distinguished by physical appearance and characteristics. Soil degradation is expanding all around the world, when crops are collected supplements are expelled out if they don’t supplants natural material after sometimes this decrease the soil quality thus leads to the lower water holding limit, less air, and it leads to the soil corruption. 

Plant Sciences is the study of plant growth, reproduction, evolution, and adaptation, as well as the use of plants for food, fibre, and ornamental purposes. While students majoring in Plant Sciences necessarily share a common enthusiasm for plants, the variety of available courses and research opportunities encourages a great diversity of individual interests and career paths. Plant Sciences students gain the expertise necessary to advance research in and address many local, regional, and global challenges.

Horticulture Sciences is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of vegetable garden plant growing. Horticulture is the science and art of producing, improving, marketing, and using fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamentals plants. It differs from botany and other plant sciences in that horticulture incorporates both science and aesthetics.